{"id":2786,"date":"2025-03-10T13:29:18","date_gmt":"2025-03-10T17:29:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.warbyparker.com\/learn\/?p=2786"},"modified":"2026-04-02T03:12:42","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T07:12:42","slug":"wet-vs-dry-macular-degeneration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.warbyparker.com\/learn\/wet-vs-dry-macular-degeneration","title":{"rendered":"Wet vs. Dry Macular Degeneration: What\u2019s the Difference?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Macular degeneration is an eye disease that is one of the most common causes of adult vision loss, affecting around <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38193957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">20 million people in the U.S.<\/a> \u201cWet\u201d and \u201cdry\u201d are the two main types of macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration or AMD.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AMD starts as the dry form, which has the potential to develop into wet AMD\u2014the \u201cworse\u201d and more advanced form. But either wet or dry AMD can significantly impact your eyesight and quality of life. No cure exists for AMD, so early detection is important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We\u2019re here to explain the similarities and differences between wet and dry macular degeneration. First, we\u2019ll give an overview of macular degeneration. Then, we\u2019ll discuss what happens with wet AMD versus dry AMD, how the dry form can become the wet form, and treatment options.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is Macular Degeneration (AMD)?&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The macula is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.warbyparker.com\/learn\/eye-anatomy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">part of your eye<\/a> responsible for sharp central vision (what you see looking straight ahead) and much of your color vision. In someone with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.warbyparker.com\/learn\/macular-degeneration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">macular degeneration<\/a>, the macula becomes damaged, often causing central vision loss. Central vision is essential for daily activities like reading, driving, and recognizing people\u2019s faces.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are two main forms of AMD: wet and dry. (There\u2019s also a rare form of macular degeneration called Stargardt disease, which most often affects children.) You can think of wet and dry AMD as stages of the same disease (AMD) or points on a continuum that progresses from dry AMD to wet AMD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Does Macular Degeneration Look Like?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It\u2019s common not to notice wet\/dry AMD symptoms (which can occur gradually) until the disease is at an advanced stage. Often, if early signs of AMD are present, your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.warbyparker.com\/learn\/optometrist-vs-ophthalmologist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">eye doctor<\/a> is the one who detects them\u2014at your comprehensive eye exam. (We can\u2019t stress enough the importance of scheduling an annual <a href=\"https:\/\/www.warbyparker.com\/learn\/what-to-expect-at-an-eye-exam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">comprehensive eye exam<\/a>.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Typically, macular damage worsens as AMD progresses, making more and more of your central vision distorted or obscured. Symptoms may include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.warbyparker.com\/learn\/why-is-my-eyesight-getting-worse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Blurry vision<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Distorted vision (Straight lines may look wavy, for instance.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Problems seeing details or recognizing people\u2019s faces<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.warbyparker.com\/learn\/when-should-i-worry-about-eye-floaters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Floaters<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dark or blind spots where vision is partially or completely obscured<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Colors looking less bright or faded<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Objects appearing smaller than they are<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Difficulty seeing in low light or adapting from bright light to a darker environment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here\u2019s how the progression of AMD might go for someone who has it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Risk Factors<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As you would expect, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is frequently associated with aging\u2014it most often happens in people age 55 or older. But in addition to age, other risk factors exist. These include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and a family history of AMD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Wet vs. Dry AMD: How They\u2019re Different<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Several major differences exist between wet and dry AMD. Let\u2019s take a glance:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is Wet AMD?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wet AMD is the rarer and more serious form of the disease. It\u2019s sometimes referred to as neovascular AMD (nAMD) or exudative AMD because it involves new blood vessels that exude (leak) fluid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wet AMD can progress rapidly and cause sudden vision loss. Most cases of wet AMD begin with dry AMD, meaning dry AMD has the potential to advance into wet AMD. Wet AMD is always considered late- or advanced-stage AMD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Happens With Wet Macular Degeneration?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In someone with wet AMD, new blood vessels appear under the macula and retina. Those weak blood vessels bleed or leak fluid, deforming and damaging the macula. Scarring, which is common in wet AMD, further damages the macula.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This macular damage causes central vision distortion or loss, which can be extreme and permanent. The process can happen quickly\u2014within days or weeks.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Wet AMD Is an Emergency<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because of the rapid development and potential severity of the outcome, wet AMD is considered a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you experience sudden changes in your vision, contact an eye care specialist or seek medical assistance right away. If wet AMD is diagnosed, it\u2019s important to see a retinal specialist within two weeks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Wet Macular Degeneration Treatment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Early treatment of wet AMD is vital. Any loss of eyesight that\u2019s already occurred is irreversible. So, the focus of wet AMD treatment is staving off further macular damage and harm to your vision. Your doctor may recommend one or more of the following treatments:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Anti-VEGF (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor) drugs:<\/strong> Injected into the eye on a regular schedule to halt or slow the growth of new blood vessels that could leak and cause additional retinal damage&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Radiation:<\/strong> A radiation treatment to help reduce the formation of new blood vessels and lessen scarring and inflammation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Gene therapy:<\/strong> New gene therapy drugs, delivered via surgery or a single injection, to stimulate the eye to manufacture its own anti-VEGF treatment<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Photodynamic therapy:<\/strong> A type of laser surgery meant to reduce blood vessel leakage&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Low-vision rehabilitation:<\/strong> Specialized devices or changes in your environment to enhance the vision you still have<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is Dry Macular Degeneration?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dry AMD happens when yellow waste deposits called drusen form in the retina. What causes dry macular degeneration is the growing and multiplying of the drusen, which thin and dry out the macula. This damages the macula, causing central vision loss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The disease usually emerges gradually. Early signs of dry AMD, such as a small number of drusen, can go unnoticed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dry AMD is also known as atrophic AMD. That\u2019s because, as it progresses, retinal cells die (atrophy). Other terms for dry AMD are non-neovascular AMD and nonexudative AMD. These terms distinguish it from wet AMD since dry AMD doesn\u2019t involve the formation of new blood vessels that exude (leak) fluids.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Happens When You Have Dry AMD?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The evolution of dry AMD can be separated into three stages: early, intermediate, and advanced. Any stage of dry AMD can become wet AMD.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here\u2019s a breakdown of the stages:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Stage 1 (early):<\/strong> In the early stage of dry AMD, drusen appear in the retina. Dry AMD often stops developing at this stage, and most people over age 50 have at least one druse (singular of drusen). People with dry AMD at this stage often can\u2019t tell that anything is amiss. Any vision loss at this stage is generally minimal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stage 2 (intermediate): <\/strong>Here, drusen grow and accumulate. Changes in central vision may occur slowly. At this stage, people still might not notice any signs of dry AMD.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stage 3 (advanced or late): <\/strong>In this dry AMD stage\u2014also called geographic atrophy\u2014an abundance of drusen thins the retina, and patches of dead retinal cells form. The result is central vision distortion or loss. Roughly one-third of late-stage dry AMD cases are this type.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dry Macular Degeneration Treatment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Treatment options for dry AMD attempt to manage the disease and slow its progress. Based on your case and the stage, your eye doctor may suggest:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Medications:<\/strong> Management medications targeting the immune system, injected into the eye on a monthly or bimonthly schedule<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Supplements:<\/strong> AREDs 2, a group of antioxidant dietary supplements<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Low-Vision Rehabilitation: <\/strong>Specialized devices or changes in your environment to enhance the vision you still have<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Implant surgery:<\/strong> A telescopic lens that an eye doctor implants into the eye to magnify close-up and far-away vision<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cell-transplant surgery: <\/strong>An emerging treatment that replaces dead retinal cells with stem cells<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Is AMD Diagnosed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At your comprehensive eye exam, the doctor looks for evidence of age-related macular degeneration. This screening may include the components discussed below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Visual Acuity Test<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.warbyparker.com\/learn\/visual-acuity\">visual acuity<\/a> test, your eye doctor checks your eyesight sharpness and whether it\u2019s changed since your last visit. The test commonly involves covering one eye and, from 20 feet away, reading a Snellen chart\u2014a wall chart containing rows of letters that decrease in size from top to bottom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Retinal Exam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a retinal exam, your eye doctor looks into your eye to detect early signs of AMD. These include irregular blood vessels and numerous or large drusen. The exam involves traditional pupil dilation (also known as ophthalmoscopy), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.warbyparker.com\/learn\/retinal-imaging\">retinal imaging<\/a>, or both. During the retinal exam, the doctor can also screen for other <a href=\"https:\/\/www.warbyparker.com\/learn\/eye-disorders-and-eye-diseases\">eye disorders and diseases<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Amsler Grid Test<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An Amsler grid looks like a piece of graph paper with a small dot in the center. This test checks for irregularities when you look at the grid. Irregularities may include a blind spot or wavy lines instead of straight ones. Both a blind spot and wavy lines are symptoms of AMD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Optical Coherence Tomography<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During an optical coherence tomography (OCT), your eye doctor uses light waves to take pictures of the retina. The pictures help with detection of abnormal or leaky blood vessels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Preventing Wet and Dry AMD<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By far, the best way to prevent AMD is detecting its early signs. A comprehensive eye exam every year lets your eye doctor examine your eye for any indications of AMD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, certain healthy practices may lower your risk of AMD and otherwise <a href=\"https:\/\/www.warbyparker.com\/learn\/how-to-improve-eyesight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">improve your eye health<\/a>. These practices include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Keeping your blood pressure and cholesterol under control<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maintaining a healthy diet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Taking AREDs 2 supplements\u2014if your doctor recommends it<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Giving up (or not starting) smoking<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wearing sunglasses outdoors (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.warbyparker.com\/learn\/is-blue-light-bad-for-your-eyes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Blue light from the sun<\/a> may contribute to the risk of AMD.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H2: Your Eye Health Is Important<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AMD is a serious eye disease that can alter your sight and life forever. Dry AMD can develop without symptoms and has the potential to ravage your eyesight with or without becoming wet AMD. We cannot overstate the importance of early detection and being aware of any wet\/dry AMD symptoms. Be sure to undergo a comprehensive eye exam every year.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div><!-- .entry-content (split for inline block) -->\n\n<section class=\"wp-blocks__banner has-img white\">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.warbyparker.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/eye-exam-hero.jpg\" alt=\"Keep your eyes healthy\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wp-blocks__banner-img\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Keep your eyes healthy<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<p>Book a comprehensive eye exam, and we&#8217;ll check for underlying conditions<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-blocks-banner__cta-links\" style=\"flex-wrap:wrap;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.warbyparker.com\/eye-exams\">Make an appointment <svg id=\"aa495747-7767-4ea8-bc8e-3e09f9e2a480\" data-name=\"Layer 1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 5.5 9.5\"><path d=\"M5.49,4.61a.87.87,0,0,1,0,.32.73.73,0,0,1-.2.35l-4,4A.75.75,0,0,1,.22,8.22L3.69,4.75.22,1.28A.75.75,0,0,1,1.28.22l4,4A.75.75,0,0,1,5.49,4.61Z\" style=\"fill:#1050D0;fill-rule:evenodd\"\/><\/svg>\n<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<div class=\"entry-content\"><!-- (reopen for inline block) -->\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Macular degeneration is an eye disease that is one of the most common causes of adult vision loss, affecting around 20 million people in the U.S. \u201cWet\u201d and \u201cdry\u201d are the two main types of macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration or AMD.&nbsp; AMD starts as the dry form, which has the potential [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":2794,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2786","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eye-health"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Wet vs. Dry Macular Degeneration: Symptoms and Treatment | Warby Parker<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The two forms of age-related macular degeneration are wet and dry AMD. 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